What is Research?
Normally research can be defined as a systematic and
organized effort to investigate a specific problem that needs a solution.
In more details, research is the combination of a systematic,
well organize, appropriate, scientific and data based careful survey or
experiment or observation, which engaged in-
1. Innovation of new information i.e. adds something new in
the field of knowledge.
2. Establishment of new relation.
3. Expansion of existing knowledge or proving, if true or
false.
In a
nutshell we can define research as “an well organized, systematic, data based,
appropriate critical, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific
problem undertaken with the objective of finding answer or solution to it”.
Innovation of new information: Innovation of new information means innovate something new to the existing field of knowledge. For example, we know that smoking of cigarette is the one of the major cause of happening cancer. But if any one fined something new with sufficient proof/evidence that it is also a major cause of happening cancer. Then it will be consider as a new invention which is the result of research.
Establishment of new relation: Say we know that y = f(x). Now if it is proved that y=f(x,z) then it will be the establishment of new relation. Again we know that demand is the function of price D=f(p). But when we will establish another relationship between demand and price such as when price decreases demand decreases but a decreasing rate because of diminishing marginal utility. So when we will find a new relation between two or more variables, it is also will be a research finding.
Expansion of existing knowledge: Dr. Muhammad Yunus is saying that group lending model of Grameen bank is helping too much to the poor people. But somebody is totally refusing it. So, to find out the correct statement to expand the present knowledge or proving which one is true or false may be considered as research.
In the past time people believed
that sun moves around the earth. But Galilieo has proved that it is false. Now,
we know that earth moves around the sun. So this will also be considered as a
research finding.
Type of Research:
What types of research is there?
Or, describe the classification of research.
Research can be undertaken for two different purposes. One is
to solve the currently existing problem by applying the result of research
finding. The other is to add or contribute to the general body of knowledge in
a particular area of interest to the researcher. The first one is known as
applied research and latter one is basic or fundamental research.
So, we can classify research broadly in two categories.
1. Basic or fundamental or pure research.
2. Applied or Technological research.
Basic or fundamental or pure research: It means adding
something new to the existing knowledge. But this addition should be
fundamental. There will be no copy or plagiarism. For example, you are reading
5 or 50 books and writing a new book by bringing information from these books
then this will not be considered as a pure research or any research finding.
But when you generate something new idea by reading some books then it will be
known as research finding. For example, there is lot of article about capital
budgeting in different books. By reading all of those if you can generate a new
idea about capital budgeting which will add something new to the existing
knowledge, and then it will be a pure research.
The main purpose of conducting pure research is to
generate more knowledge and understanding of the phenomena that occur and to
build theories bases on the research result. Such theories are then used in
subsequent research by researchers as a foundation for further study of the
phenomena.
Applied or technological research: Applied or technological research is also known as problem solution research. This research relates to the finding of solution of a particular problem arisen immediately. For an instance, if any new virus attacks computer program and somebody finds the antivirus of it then it will be an applied research. The result of this research is applied to solve the immediate problems.
Most organization are interested in applied research
and would pay researcher and consultant to study a problem of concern to them
in order to find solution that can be implemented to rectify the problem
solution.
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